Theory of Genetics

I assume that you know basic biology and would like to know about genetics.

So we'll begin with cells. Cell is the basic unit of life. That means, a group of proteins, lipids, water molecules, and other compounds which had some affinity one way or another came together to form an entity which can sustain itself independently.

So we're all a collection of cells which are all acting independently to sustain themselves at the same time making us a complete individual. So our body in order to function properly, different organs take up different tasks and perform independently in a sort of collaboration with other organs and help us live.

So despite different organs having different types of cells, the source code for all the cells are the same copy of DNA.

This DNA is made of 4 repetitive molecules called nitrogenousbases (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine) .

When these four are arranged in a particular order, they become functional and are called genes. These genes interact with certain special proteins in our cells and give rise to molecules called the RNA. RNAs are functional molecules which are like translators . They are the middle men in the conversion of the instruction given by a particular gene (DNA) to a functional protein. So this arrangement of DNA into genes vary slightly from person to person. It's like a recipe of KFC, which remains almost the same from one outlet to another but slight variations occur which are acceptable.

The genes get inherited from parents to offspring. So, if something is wrong with the parents DNA, there is a high chance that it'll be inherited to their child and this pattern of inheritance was first studied in plants by Dr.Mendel. He devised some laws explaining how it works.

So this is the gist. This study of genes, their inheritance , function, assembly, mutations leading to diseases, their role in sustaining life is overall called as Genetics.